Kayaca
Basic information
Sample name: Kayaca
Sample aka: KYC
Reference: G. E. Konidaris, A. I. Aytek, D. S. Kostopoulos, A. Y. Yavuz, E. Tarhan, M. C. Alcicek, N. Uyar, and K. Harvati. 2025. Kayaca, a new vertebrate locality from the Upper Miocene of Türkiye and its importance for the Turolian biogeography of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments x:1-17 [ER 4403]
Geography
Country: Turkey
Coordinate: 37.27° N, 28.97° E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Scale: quarry
Formation: Beyagac
Time interval: Late Miocene
Zone: MN12
Ma: 7.4
Age basis: zone
Geography comments: coordinate estimated from position of Kayaca
biochronological comparisons "suggest an age of ca. 7.4, close to the transition of early/middle Turolian (MN 11/12)" and Fig. 7 shows a correlation with the base of MN12
biochronological comparisons "suggest an age of ca. 7.4, close to the transition of early/middle Turolian (MN 11/12)" and Fig. 7 shows a correlation with the base of MN12
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: lake deposit
Habitat comments: "accumulated within distal alluvial pond-lake deposits of the lower part of the Yatagan beds" (exact lithology not indicated)
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other large mammals
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 82 specimens
Years: 2018, 2022 - 2024
Museum: Akif Ersoy University
Sampling comments: "discovered after surface survey and was subsequently systematically excavated"
"reptiles (including a partial testudinid shell)" and "birds" are also present
"reptiles (including a partial testudinid shell)" and "birds" are also present
Metadata
Sample number: 4680
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Modifier no: John Alroy
Created: 2025-08-27 10:35:37
Modified: 2025-08-27 10:36:07
Abundance distribution
21 species
9 singletons
total count 82
geometric series index: 48.2
Fisher's α: 9.126
geometric series k: 0.8568
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8817
Shannon's H: 2.5588
Good's u: 0.8902
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Hystrix sp. | 3 | |
| the three specimens may belong to one individual | ||
| †Parataxidea maraghana | 3 | |
| Protictitherium sp. | 1 | |
| †Adcrocuta eximia eximia | 3 | |
| Pontosmilus sp. | 1 | |
| Felidae indet. | 4 | |
| medium-sized | ||
| †Amphiorycteropus gaudryi | 6 | |
| 3 enumerated specimens and "several metapodials" | ||
| Deinotherium sp. | 1 | |
| Elephantimorpha indet. | 4 | |
| "carpals, metapodials" | ||
| †Hipparion dietrichi | 4 | |
| cranium, at least one mandible, and at least two metatarsals | ||
| Cremohipparion sp. | 1 | |
| small-sized | ||
| †Miodiceros neumayri | 3 | |
| Dihoplus sp. | 1 | |
| †Hippopotamodon major | 1 | |
| "few" other suid specimens are present but not identified | ||
| †Palaeotragus rouenii | 1 | |
| †Samotherium major | 22 | |
| at least one "dental" specimen is present, but apparently all 21 postcrania are enumerated | ||
| †Gazella cf. ancyrensis | 10 | |
| 4 horncores, 4 mandibles, and "some postcranial material" (at least 2) | ||
| †Sporadotragus parvidens | 8 | |
| 1 skull, 4 horncores, and "Several mandibles" (at least 3) | ||
| Gangraia sp. | 1 | |
| Tragoportax sp. | 1 | |
| †Palaeoryx pallasi | 3 | |