Sample name: Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 2)

Reference: N. Amano, A.-M. Moigne, T. Ingicco, F. Sémah, R. D. Awe, and T. Simanjuntak. 2016. Subsistence strategies and environment in Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Eastern Java: Evidence from Braholo Cave. Quaternary International 416:46-63 [ER 3073]

Substrate: ground surface

Lithology: claystone

Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation

Archaeology: stone tools

Habitat comments: "The site is composed of two very distinct sedimentary deposits: an upper and chronologically younger loose reddish brown sandy clay deposit that extends from 30 to around 200 cm below the surface (Assemblage 1) and a dark brown silty clay deposit found from around 200 to 700 cm (Aseemblages 2-4). Numerous hearths and concentrations of burnt animal bones were recorded within the reddish brown sandy clay deposit. No hearths were found in the dark brown silty clay deposit".
"Braholo Cave produced numerous archaeological materials ranging from polished stone adzes and pottery in the first 50 cm of deposits to more than 50,000 flakes and stone tool fragments from the lower stratigraphical levels. Assemblage 2 of excavation square G6 comprises specimens from the dark brown silty clay deposit that extended from 210 to 310 cm below the surface".

Life forms: bats,carnivores,primates,rodents,ungulates,other large mammals,other small mammals,birds,lizards,snakes,turtles,fishes

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 337 specimens

Years: 1997 - 2001

Sampling comments: "Excavations in Braholo Cave were undertaken between 1997 and 2001. A total of 17 pits were opened during the excavations. The archaeological investigations were limited to the northwest region of the cave because of the huge limestone boulders and collapsed stalactites in the southern portion of the cave. The deepest squares (O8 and G6) reached a maximum depth of 7.3 m. The basal occupation layers were presumed to have not been reached since excavations in most squares were halted due of the presence of huge limestone boulders. A stratified sampling strategy was employed to account for the stark difference in the total number of bone fragments represented in each analytical assemblage".

Sample number: 4073

Contributor: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2023-02-20 11:36:41

Modified: 2023-04-29 00:32:42