New Paris Sinkhole No. 4
Basic information
Sample name: New Paris Sinkhole No. 4
Reference: J. E. Guilday, P. S. Martin, and A. D. McCrady. 1964. New Paris No. 4: a Pleistocene cave deposit in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. Bulletin of the National Speleological Society 26(4):121-193 [ER 3218]
Geography
Country: United States
State: Pennsylvania
Coordinate: 40° 5' N, 78° 39' W
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Ma: 0.0113
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "2.4 km [1.5 mi.] northeast of New Paris"
the lower "nine to six meters" belongs to the "Hudsonian zone" and the upper "six to four meters, may correspond to the Alleröd of Europe"
there is a date on charcoal of "11,300 +/- 1,000 yrs. B.P." from a depth of 4.6 m and another of "9,540 +/- 500 yrs. B.P." on small mammal bones at a depth of 5.2 to 6.4 m, and the latter is rejected because the "date was a short run" (presumed to be uncalibrated because errors are symmetrically distributed)
the lower "nine to six meters" belongs to the "Hudsonian zone" and the upper "six to four meters, may correspond to the Alleröd of Europe"
there is a date on charcoal of "11,300 +/- 1,000 yrs. B.P." from a depth of 4.6 m and another of "9,540 +/- 500 yrs. B.P." on small mammal bones at a depth of 5.2 to 6.4 m, and the latter is rejected because the "date was a short run" (presumed to be uncalibrated because errors are symmetrically distributed)
Environment
Lithology: limestone
Taphonomic context: cave,pitfall trap
Habitat comments: matrix was "rich in organic inclusions (bone, pollen charcoal)" and the walls and original roof of the pitfall were limestone
"Deposition took the form of a conical talus" in the pitfall trap
"many of the skeletons" were "still in articulation" although there "must have been some disturbance", the fill was "homogeneous", and there was "uneven deposition" (meaning that material fell down the talus)
"Deposition took the form of a conical talus" in the pitfall trap
"many of the skeletons" were "still in articulation" although there "must have been some disturbance", the fill was "homogeneous", and there was "uneven deposition" (meaning that material fell down the talus)
Methods
Life forms: bats,carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,frogs
Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash
Sample size: 3925 specimens
Years: 1956 - 1963
Sampling comments: a "screen of 1.5 mm mesh" was used to wash "125 tons of matrix" (i.e., 125,000 pounds or 56,699 kg)
salamanders "have not been studied" and salamanders, Hyla cf. crucifer, and snakes are listed but not inventoried
no specimen counts are given for five additional species of birds
salamanders "have not been studied" and salamanders, Hyla cf. crucifer, and snakes are listed but not inventoried
no specimen counts are given for five additional species of birds
Metadata
Sample number: 3538
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-09-14 14:38:27
Modified: 2023-09-11 10:46:37
Abundance distribution
44 species
7 singletons
total count 3925
extrapolated richness: 57.5
Fisher's α: 6.941
geometric series k: 0.8558
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8991
Shannon's H: 2.7160
Good's u: 0.9982
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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