Ambrona (AS1)
Basic information
Sample name: Ambrona (AS1)

Reference: E. Soto, C. Sesé, A. Pérez-Gonzâlez, and M. Santonja. 2001. Mammal fauna with Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus from the lower levels of Ambrona (Soria, Spain). The World of Elephants - International Congress, Rome 2001 x:607-610 [ER 3968]
Geography
Country: Spain

State: Soria


Coordinate: 41° 9' 36" N, 2° 29' 55" W
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Middle Pleistocene

Max Ma: 0.424

Min Ma: 0.374

Age basis: other

Geography comments: "in the Masegar (also called Arroyo de la Mentirosa) river valley"
SE of Ambrona based on map of Sânchez-Romero et al. (2016)
coordinate given by Wikipedia
AS1 is the lowest stratigraphic interval
the fauna is "of a typical or advanced Middle Pleistocene"
the "Lower Unit" including AS1 was deposited "probably during MIS 11" apparently based on ESR/U-series data from somewhere in the section (Sânchez-Romero et al. 2016)
age is for MIS 11 and is from Wikipedia

Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)

Taphonomic context: fluvial deposit,human accumulation

Habitat comments: "an archaeological settlement with plenty of elephant remains interpreted classically as a kill and butchering site" but "We propose that Ambrona is an elephant natural burial site, many remains have been transported while others remained in situ... Nevertheless, some of the animal remains appear to have been butchered or scavenged by man"
AS1 consists of "sands and gravels, fluvial environment" (Sânchez-Romero et al. 2016)
lithics may or may not be present at this level

Methods
Life forms: ungulates

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 132 specimens

Metadata
Sample number: 4379

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-11-27 14:51:24

Modified: 2023-11-27 04:01:28

Abundance distribution
6 species
1 singleton
total count 132
extrapolated richness: 8.8
Fisher's α: 1.295
geometric series k: 0.3942
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.3496
Shannon's H: 0.7815
Good's u: 0.9925
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
Register
Palaeoloxodon antiquus105
"Elephas antiquus": plus 3 "cf. Elephas"
Equus torralbae6
"Equus caballus torralbae": see Boulbes and van Asperen (2020, in Bernor et al.); plus 1 "cf. Equus"
Stephanorhinus hemitoechus1
"Dicerorhinus hemitoechus"
Cervus elaphus6104 kg
plus 18 "Cervus"
Dama cf. dama1262 kg
plus 3 "cf. Dama" and 9 "Cervidae indet."
Bos primigenius2
plus 15 Bos or Bison