Cornelia-Uitzoek (1998 - 2010 collection)
Basic information
Sample name: Cornelia-Uitzoek (1998 - 2010 collection)
Reference: J. S. Brink, A. I. R. Herries, J. Moggi-Cecchi, J. A. J. Gowlett, C. B. Bousman, J. P. Hancox, R. Grün, V. Eisenmann, J. W. Adams, and L. Rossouw. 2012. First hominine remains from a ~1.0 million year old bone bed at Cornelia-Uitzoek, Free State Province, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 63:527-535 [ER 3873]
Geography
Country: South Africa
State: Free
Coordinate: 27° 14' 3" S, 28° 51' 3" E
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark
Time interval: Early Pleistocene
Max Ma: 1.06
Min Ma: 0.9
Age basis: paleomag
Geography comments: coordinate based on Cornelia
assigned to the Jaramillo subchron based on paleomagnetic stratigraphy, which is said by the authors to span "1.07 and 0.99 Ma" but is currently 1.06 to 0.90 Ma
assigned to the Jaramillo subchron based on paleomagnetic stratigraphy, which is said by the authors to span "1.07 and 0.99 Ma" but is currently 1.06 to 0.90 Ma
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,fluvial deposit
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "valley-fill, alluvial and colluvial fossil-rich gravels and clays" with most fossils from "the Mottled Yellow Clay (MYC, Butzer's Bed 2)... a densely-packed bone bed" that was "accumulated on a palaeosurface within an abandoned channel... the primary agent of accumulation was a large bone-gathering predator, possibly spotted hyaenas"
there are "Acheulian artifacts" that are listed in detail in Table 2
there are "Acheulian artifacts" that are listed in detail in Table 2
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,primates,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 605 specimens
Sampling comments: the bone bed was "systematically excavated" during this period
Metadata
Sample number: 4250
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-04-23 15:47:36
Modified: 2023-04-23 05:47:36
Abundance distribution
22 species
7 singletons
total count 605
extrapolated richness: 38.5
Fisher's α: 4.477
geometric series k: 0.7754
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7522
Shannon's H: 1.7920
Good's u: 0.9884
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Homo sp. | 1 | |
| Panthera leo | 3 | 147 kg carnivore |
| Carnivora indet. | 1 | |
| presumably distinct from Panthera leo | ||
| Proboscidea indet. | 5 | |
| Eurygnathohippus cornelianus | 1 | |
| Equus cf. capensis | 25 | |
| Equus cf. quagga | 25 | 279 kg grazer |
| Rhinocerotidae indet. | 1 | |
| Hippopotamus gorgops | 2 | |
| Phacochoerus sp. | 3 | |
| Metridiochoerus modestus | 1 | |
| Metridiochoerus compactus | 3 | |
| Kolpochoerus limnetes | 1 | |
| "Kolpochoerus heseloni": see Yang et al. (2022) | ||
| Syncerus antiquus | 11 | |
| Damaliscus niro | 209 | |
| Megalotragus eucornutus | 12 | |
| valid and distinct from Megalotragus priscus: see Brink et al. (1995) | ||
| Connochaetes gnou laticornutus | 79 | grazer |
| Antidorcas recki | 4 | |
| Antidorcas bondi | 197 | |
| Aepyceros helmoedi | 12 | |
| Sylvicapra grimmia | 8 | 13 kg browser-grazer |
| Raphicerus sp. | 1 | |