Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 12)
Basic information
Sample name: Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 12)
Reference: D. Gaffney, G. R. Summerhayes, S. Luu, J. Menzies, K. Douglass, M. Spitzer, and S. Bulmer. 2021. Small game hunting in montane rainforests: Specialised capture and broad spectrum foraging in the Late Pleistocene to Holocene New Guinea Highlands. Quaternary Science Reviews 253:106742 [ER 3701]
Geography
Country: Papua New Guinea
State: Chimbu
Coordinate: 5° 54' 30" S, 145° 8' 50" E
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Section: 3701
Unit number: 10
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.01041
Min Ma: 0.010233
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Kiowa is an irregularly shaped limestone rockshelter, about 6 m × 5.5 m, located in Chimbu province of the Central New Guinea Highlands".
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Level 12 of the deposit range from 10,410 ± 60 BP to 10,233 ± 60 BP.
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Level 12 of the deposit range from 10,410 ± 60 BP to 10,233 ± 60 BP.
Environment
Lithology: limestone
Taphonomic context: human accumulation,rock shelter
Archaeology: hearths,stone tools
Habitat comments: "Kiowa was first occupied during the terminal Pleistocene, with regular occupations continuing until the Mid-Late Holocene ... Level 3 represents the most recent undisturbed habitation deposit, with all underlying levels down to base of excavations characterised by radiating ash lenses, denoting short-duration hearths".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
Methods
Life forms: bats,rodents,other large mammals,other small mammals,birds
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 306 specimens
Years: 1960
Sampling comments: "During the 1960 excavations at Kiowa sieves were not used and specimens were collected by hand".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
Metadata
Sample number: 3905
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-02-19 12:34:48
Modified: 2023-04-29 06:14:36
Abundance distribution
26 species
6 singletons
total count 306
extrapolated richness: 43.3
Fisher's α: 6.788
geometric series k: 0.8289
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8208
Shannon's H: 2.2706
Good's u: 0.9805
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Dendrolagus sp. | 2 | |
| Dorcopsulus sp. | 2 | |
| Thylogale sp. | 4 | |
| Phalanger carmelitae/vestitus | 18 | |
| Phalanger gymnotis | 5 | |
| also 13 Phalanger sp. | ||
| Pseudochirulus forbesi | 27 | |
| Pseudochirops corinnae | 4 | |
| Pseudochirops cupreus | 3 | |
| Dactylopsila trivirgata | 1 | |
| Petaurus sp. | 8 | |
| Cercartetus sp. | 1 | |
| Echymipera sp. | 7 | |
| Peroryctes sp. | 34 | |
| Dasyurus albopunctatus | 1 | |
| Phascolosorex sp. | 4 | |
| Hydromys sp. | 1 | |
| Parahydromys asper | 3 | |
| Macruromys major | 6 | |
| Anisomys sp. | 1 | |
| Hyomys goliath | 1 | |
| Mallomys rothschildi | 2 | |
| Melomys sp. | 6 | |
| Rattus niobe | 5 | |
| also 1 "Rat sp." | ||
| Dobsonia magna | 48 | |
| also 4 Dobsonia sp. | ||
| Aproteles bulmerae | 109 | |
| Casuarius bennetti | 3 | 35 kg frugivore |
| also 3 Casuarius sp. | ||