Zongri type-site (Layer 4)
Basic information
Sample name: Zongri type-site (Layer 4)
Reference: L. Ren, G. Dong, F. Liu, J. D'alpoim-Guedes, R. K. Flad, M. Ma, H. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, D. Zhang, G. Li, J. Li, and F. Chen. 2020. Foraging and farming: archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence for Neolithic exchange on the Tibetan Plateau. Antiquity 94(375):637-652 [ER 3369]
Geography
Country: China
State: Qinghai
County: Tongde County
Coordinate: 35° 25' N, 100° 20' E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3369
Unit number: 4
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.0041
Min Ma: 0.00389
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: Site is one of many located "in the eastern Gonghe Basin of the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, all located above 2600m asl"
"Ten charred millet seeds were selected from three cultural layers and two ash pits... for AMS radiocarbon dating"
Layer 4 radiocarbon dates range from 4100 to 3890 BP (2683-2379 cal. B.C.) "at 95.4% confidence"
"Ten charred millet seeds were selected from three cultural layers and two ash pits... for AMS radiocarbon dating"
Layer 4 radiocarbon dates range from 4100 to 3890 BP (2683-2379 cal. B.C.) "at 95.4% confidence"
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: human accumulation
Archaeology: bone tools,burials,ceramics,hearths,stone tools,other artifacts
Habitat comments: Site was "first investigated in 1982 by the Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology... yielded two burials and a pottery kiln" Further excavations conducted between 1994 and 1996 "uncovered a total of 341 tombs, 18 ash pits and 18 sacrificial pits, and over 30 000 artefacts, including ceramic sherds, lithics, animal remains and bone objects"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,fishes
Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash
Sample size: 235 specimens
Sampling comments: "In 2015, we excavated a small trench measuring 4 × 4m at the Zongri type-site, identifying three distinct cultural layers"
"Systematic archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological sampling was conducted for all features and layers encountered in the trench: 92 soil samples were taken... which contained 4150 charred plant seeds and 3132 fragments of animal bone"
"fragments of animal bones were floated from soil samples"
"Systematic archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological sampling was conducted for all features and layers encountered in the trench: 92 soil samples were taken... which contained 4150 charred plant seeds and 3132 fragments of animal bone"
"fragments of animal bones were floated from soil samples"
Metadata
Sample number: 3733
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2021-05-15 14:56:26
Modified: 2023-04-29 02:52:06
Abundance distribution
12 species
1 singleton
total count 235
geometric series index: 15.7
Fisher's α: 2.674
geometric series k: 0.6556
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7476
Shannon's H: 1.7699
Good's u: 0.9958
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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| Canis lupus familiaris | 5 | 43 kg carnivore |
| "Canis familiaris", also 3 Canidae indet. | ||
| Bos sp. | 1 | |
| Cervus elaphus | 31 | 104 kg |
| also 8 Cervidae indet. | ||
| Capreolus pygargus | 4 | |
| "Capreolus capreolus" | ||
| Moschus sp. | 24 | |
| Caprinae indet. | 104 | |
| Procapra gutturosa | 16 | 30 kg |
| also 20 Antilopinae indet. | ||
| Marmota bobak | 34 | |
| also 1 Rodentia indet. | ||
| Lepus sp. | 3 | |
| Panthera sp. | 6 | |
| also 2 Felidae indet. | ||
| Aves indet. | 5 | |
| Fish indet. | 2 | |