SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4404 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4404SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3989SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4404 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='mauritanicus' OR junior_species='mauritanicus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='mauritanicus' OR species='mauritanicus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='mauritanicus' OR species='mauritanicus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='mauritanicus' OR junior_species='mauritanicus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='mauritanicus' OR species='mauritanicus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='africanus' OR junior_species='africanus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='africanus' OR species='africanus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='africanus' OR junior_species='africanus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='africanus' OR species='africanus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='ibex' OR junior_species='ibex')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capra' AND (species='ibex' OR species='ibex') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='ibex' OR junior_species='ibex')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capra' AND (species='ibex' OR species='ibex') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gazella' AND (junior_species='gazella' OR junior_species='gazella')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Gazella' AND (species='gazella' OR species='gazella') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gazella' AND (junior_species='gazella' OR junior_species='gazella')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Gazella' AND (species='gazella' OR species='gazella') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='dama' OR junior_species='dama')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Dama' AND (species='dama' OR species='dama') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='dama' OR junior_species='dama')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Dama' AND (species='dama' OR species='dama') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procavia' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Procavia' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Procavia' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procavia' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Procavia' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ochotona' AND (junior_species='rufescens' OR junior_species='rufescens')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Ochotona' AND (species='rufescens' OR species='rufescens') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Ochotona' AND (species='rufescens' OR species='rufescens')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ochotona' AND (junior_species='rufescens' OR junior_species='rufescens')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Ochotona' AND (species='rufescens' OR species='rufescens') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocuta' AND (junior_species='spelaea' OR junior_species='spelaea')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Crocuta' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Crocuta' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocuta' AND (junior_species='spelaea' OR junior_species='spelaea')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Crocuta' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mosbachensis' OR junior_species='mosbachensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Canis' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mosbachensis' OR junior_species='mosbachensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4404 The Ecological Register: Oumm Qatafa Cave (layer D2)
Oumm Qatafa Cave (layer D2)
Basic information
Sample name: Oumm Qatafa Cave (layer D2)

Sample aka: Umm Qatafa

Reference: N. Marom, I. A. Lazagabaster, R. Shafir, F. Natalio, V. Eisenmann, and L. K. Horwitz. 2022. The Late Middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna of Oumm Qatafa Cave, Judean Desert: taxonomy, taphonomy and palaeoenvironment. Journal of Quaternary Science 37(4):612-638 [ER 3989]
Geography
Country: Israel


Coordinate: 31.58° N, 35.36° E
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark

Time interval: Middle Pleistocene

Ma: 0.213

Age basis: ESR

Geography comments: "on the western side of Wadi Khareitoun in the Judean hills" (coordinate based on Wadi Khureitun)
"Layer D2 was dated by electron spin resonance (ESR) on herbivore tooth enamel to 213 ± 26 kya"

•
Environment
Lithology: claystone

Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation

Archaeology: bone tools,stone tools

Habitat comments: layer D2 is "a ~1 m thick layer, characterised by a light brown clay matrix"
there are 10 burnt bones from "Layers D1–D2" and "Human butchery marks were observed only on five bones from Layers D1 and D2"
"evidence for carnivore involvement in the assemblage formation is scarce... Humans are therefore favoured as the major bone‐accumulating agent, at least in Layer D"
Late Acheulian based on "handaxe typology" and "Vaufrey identified five bones that had been used as artefacts and retouched with flint tools" of which two were from D2

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates,other large mammals,other small mammals

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 58 specimens

Years: 1928, 1932, 1949

Sampling comments: "excavated by Rene Neuville in three seasons – 1928, 1932 and 1949 "
"three hominin phalanges" are mentioned in the text but not described and possibly not "in situ" but "derived from the overlying layer A"
micromammals, reptiles, and birds were described in older literature
some of the large mammal fossils described in older literature could not be recovered and were not counted

Metadata
Sample number: 4404

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-12-10 16:19:19

Modified: 2023-12-10 05:19:19

Abundance distribution
15 species
7 singletons
total count 58
extrapolated richness: 40.8
Fisher's α: 6.560
geometric series k: 0.8046
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8070
Shannon's H: 2.0919
Good's u: 0.8817
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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• Map matching samples
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Register
Stephanorhinus hemitoechus1
Equus cf. mauritanicus1
Equus aff. africanus1287 kg
additionally, two metapodials were mentioned by Vaufrey (1941) but were not located
Equus hydruntinus1
plus 1 Equus sp.
Bos primigenius2
plus 1 Bovini
Capra ibex2137 kg
Gazella cf. gazella721 kg
Cervus elaphus2104 kg
Dama dama mesopotamica562 kg
compared to this subspecies: plus 2 Cervidae
Procavia sp.10
Lepus capensis2
Ochotona cf. rufescens2
Crocuta spelaea1
"Crocuta crocuta spelaea"
Canis cf. mosbachensis1
Vulpes vulpes15.3 kg carnivore-insectivore