SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4383 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4383SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3972SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4383 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='lupus' OR junior_species='lupus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='lupus' OR species='lupus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='lupus' OR junior_species='lupus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='lupus' OR species='lupus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Homotherium' AND (junior_species='latidens' OR junior_species='latidens')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Homotherium' AND (species='latidens' OR species='latidens') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Homotherium' AND (species='latidens' OR species='latidens')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Homotherium' AND (junior_species='latidens' OR junior_species='latidens')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Homotherium' AND (species='latidens' OR species='latidens') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (junior_species='antiquus' OR junior_species='antiquus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (junior_species='antiquus' OR junior_species='antiquus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='kirchbergensis' OR junior_species='kirchbergensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='kirchbergensis' OR species='kirchbergensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='kirchbergensis' OR species='kirchbergensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='kirchbergensis' OR junior_species='kirchbergensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='kirchbergensis' OR species='kirchbergensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='mosbachensis' OR junior_species='mosbachensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='mosbachensis' OR junior_species='mosbachensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Megaloceros' AND (junior_species='giganteus' OR junior_species='giganteus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Megaloceros' AND (junior_species='giganteus' OR junior_species='giganteus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bison' AND (junior_species='priscus' OR junior_species='priscus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bison' AND (species='priscus' OR species='priscus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bison' AND (species='priscus' OR species='priscus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bison' AND (junior_species='priscus' OR junior_species='priscus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bison' AND (species='priscus' OR species='priscus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4383 The Ecological Register: Schöningen 13 II-4
Schöningen 13 II-4
Basic information
Sample name: Schöningen 13 II-4

Sample aka: Horse Butchery site; Spear Horizon site

Reference: T. Van Kolfschoten, E. Buhrs, and I. Verheijen. 2015. The larger mammal fauna from the Lower Paleolithic Schöningen Spear site and its contribution to hominin subsistence. Journal of Human Evolution 89:138-153 [ER 3972]
Geography
Country: Germany


Coordinate: 52° 8' N, 10° 57' E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Middle Pleistocene

Max Ma: 0.337

Min Ma: 0.3

Age basis: other

Geography comments: Schöningen is "a small town located in northern Germany between Hannover and Berlin"
assigned to the "Reinsdorf Interglacial (MIS 9)" and specifically "at the end of the Reinsdorf Interglacial"
the dating method is not indicated, but MIS 9 ranges from 337 to 300 ka

•
Environment
Lithology: marl

Taphonomic context: human accumulation,lake deposit

Archaeology: stone tools,other artifacts

Habitat comments: this part of the section includes "organic mud and peat deposits", but "Most finds were located within layers 4b/c and 4b", which includes a transition between "calcareous marl" and "organic mud"
the environment was "at the edge of a former lake"
"famous wooden spears have been discovered among a large amount of skeletal remains of butchered horses" and specifically there are "ca. 1500 stone artifacts (including 20–30 stone tools), a wooden throwing stick, and at least 10 wooden spears"
there are also "numerous gnawing marks encountered on a number of bones, as well as notches that, given their shape and size, were caused by the canines of a medium-sized to large-sized carnivore" but these are relatively rare and the site is clearly of anthropogenic origin

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 4162 specimens

Years: 1994 - 2008

Sampling comments: the site "has an excavated surface of about 4000 m2"
material was "excavated... in the period 1994–2008"
there are "fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and a number of both small and large mammal species" but only the large mammals are inventoried
excluded taxa are not recorded because these categories are so large

Metadata
Sample number: 4383

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-12-02 12:55:43

Modified: 2023-12-02 10:14:34

Abundance distribution
12 species
5 singletons
total count 4162
extrapolated richness: 25.9
Fisher's α: 1.515
geometric series k: 0.4709
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.0910
Shannon's H: 0.2379
Good's u: 0.9988
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
• Find matching samples
• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Canis lupus343 kg carnivore
Vulpes vulpes15.3 kg carnivore-insectivore
Homotherium latidens1
Palaeoloxodon antiquus1
plus 3 Proboscidea
Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis1
Stephanorhinus hemitoechus1
Equus mosbachensis3965
Equus hydruntinus2
Cervus elaphus143104 kg
Megaloceros giganteus2
plus 24 Cervidae
Bos primigenius19
Bison priscus23
plus 109 Bos or Bison and 5 Artiodactyla