SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4037 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4037SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3768SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4037 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocidura' AND (junior_species='flavescens' OR junior_species='flavescens')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Crocidura' AND (species='flavescens' OR species='flavescens') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Crocidura' AND (species='flavescens' OR species='flavescens')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocidura' AND (junior_species='flavescens' OR junior_species='flavescens')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Crocidura' AND (species='flavescens' OR species='flavescens') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Civettictis' AND (junior_species='civetta' OR junior_species='civetta')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Civettictis' AND (species='civetta' OR species='civetta') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Civettictis' AND (junior_species='civetta' OR junior_species='civetta')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Civettictis' AND (species='civetta' OR species='civetta') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hylochoerus' AND (junior_species='meinertzhageni' OR junior_species='meinertzhagenii')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hylochoerus' AND (species='meinertzhageni' OR species='meinertzhagenii') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Hylochoerus' AND (species='meinertzhageni' OR species='meinertzhagenii')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hylochoerus' AND (junior_species='meinertzhageni' OR junior_species='meinertzhagenii')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hylochoerus' AND (species='meinertzhageni' OR species='meinertzhagenii') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cephalophus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cephalophus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Cephalophus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cephalophus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cephalophus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='scriptus' OR junior_species='scriptus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='scriptus' OR species='scriptus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='scriptus' OR junior_species='scriptus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='scriptus' OR species='scriptus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Syncerus' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Syncerus' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Syncerus' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Syncerus' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thryonomys' AND (junior_species='swinderianus' OR junior_species='swinderianus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Thryonomys' AND (species='swinderianus' OR species='swinderianus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thryonomys' AND (junior_species='swinderianus' OR junior_species='swinderianus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Thryonomys' AND (species='swinderianus' OR species='swinderianus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cricetomys' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cricetomys' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Cricetomys' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cricetomys' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cricetomys' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Papio' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Papio' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Papio' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Papio' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Papio' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pan' AND (junior_species='troglodytes' OR junior_species='troglodytes')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Pan' AND (species='troglodytes' OR species='troglodytes') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pan' AND (junior_species='troglodytes' OR junior_species='troglodytes')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Pan' AND (species='troglodytes' OR species='troglodytes') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Rousettus' AND (junior_species='aegyptiacus' OR junior_species='aegyptiacus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Rousettus' AND (species='aegyptiacus' OR species='aegyptiacus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Rousettus' AND (junior_species='aegyptiacus' OR junior_species='aegyptiacus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Rousettus' AND (species='aegyptiacus' OR species='aegyptiacus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Serpentes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Serpentes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Serpentes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Serpentes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Serpentes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Achatina' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Achatina' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Achatina' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Achatina' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Achatina' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gulella' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Gulella' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Gulella' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gulella' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Gulella' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gonaxis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Gonaxis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Gonaxis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gonaxis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Gonaxis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thapsia' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Thapsia' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Thapsia' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thapsia' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Thapsia' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4037 The Ecological Register: Shum Laka rock shelter (Lower Horizon; gray ash)
Shum Laka rock shelter (Lower Horizon; gray ash)
Basic information
Sample name: Shum Laka rock shelter (Lower Horizon; gray ash)

Reference: P. Lavachery. 2001. The Holocene archaeological sequence of Shum Laka rock shelter (Grassfields, western Cameroon). African Archaeological Review 18(4):213-247 [ER 3768]
Geography
Country: Cameroon

State: Northwest


Coordinate: 5° 51' 31" N, 10° 4' 40" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Holocene

Section: 3768

Unit number: 3

Unit order: below to above

Max Ma: 0.00607

Min Ma: 0.00381

Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)

Geography comments: "Shum Laka rock shelter is situated in the Northwest Province of Cameroon, some 17 km southwest of Bamenda, on the territory of Bafochu-Mbu village. It lies in a small gallery forest bordered by savanna, some 1600 m asl".
"There is a single radiocarbon date of 3810 B.P. from the upper part of the Lower Horizon of the gray ash layer (2500–2000 cal. BC). This date is a terminus ante quem; the occupation phase probably extends between 6000-5000 and 4000 BP".

•
Environment
Lithology: ash

Taphonomic context: human accumulation,rock shelter

Archaeology: burials,ceramics,stone tools

Habitat comments: "Shum Laka rock shelter covers a surface area of 1200 m2 and contains three main stratigraphic units. The Holocene deposits consist mainly of anthropogenic ashes known as the “A” layer: a lens-shaped mantle that dips from the back to the opening of the cave. It is divided into two members: the ochre ash layer and the gray ash layer".
"The sample from the Lower Horizon of the gray ash layer consists of 33,393 lithic artifacts, with basalt now the main raw material (63% of the industry). Flaking methods have dramatically evolved, since blade technology is now well attested in the basalt assemblage. Up to 50% of the blades are obviously prepared, and blade cores, both single and opposed platforms, are present. The most frequent item is the basalt bifacial tool. Other typical new basalt tools are the retouched blades and points. Pottery has also become much more frequent; four hundred and eight sherds were found in this horizon, in addition to three tombs. The burials contained 14 individuals, of which only two were adults".

Methods
Life forms: bats,carnivores,primates,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,snakes,snails

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 208 specimens

Sampling comments: "A total of 82 m2 of the rock shelter was excavated, opened in two main areas: Sector 1 (in the centre and back of the shelter) and Sector 2 (closer to the entrance). Because of a lack of any finer exploitable stratigraphical features in the very loose ash layers, the excavation proceeded by artificial horizontal spits. In total, the excavations recovered half a million stone artifacts, over 1200 pottery sherds, 18 human skeletons, and thousands of faunal and plant remains".

Metadata
Sample number: 4037

Contributor: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2022-10-28 14:04:10

Modified: 2023-05-30 03:09:33

Abundance distribution
16 species
9 singletons
total count 208
extrapolated richness: 42.5
Fisher's α: 4.040
geometric series k: 0.7442
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7186
Shannon's H: 1.6265
Good's u: 0.9568
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
Crocidura flavescens1
Civettictis civetta114 kg frugivore-insectivore
"Viverra civetta"
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni66
Cephalophus sp.6
Tragelaphus scriptus631 kg browser-grazer
Syncerus caffer nanus19548 kg grazer-browser
Thryonomys swinderianus165.2 kg
Cricetomys sp.1
"Crycetomis"; also 4 Rodentia indet.
Papio sp.2
also 10 Cercopithecidae indet.
Pan troglodytes136 kg frugivore-folivore
Rousettus aegyptiacus1129 g frugivore
also 1 Pteropodidae indet.
Serpentes indet.1
"Ophidia indet."
Achatina sp.84
Gulella sp.1
Gonaxis sp.1
Thapsia sp.1