SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=3941 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=3941SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3717SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=3941 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='taurus' OR junior_species='taurus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='taurus' OR species='taurus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='taurus' OR junior_species='taurus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='taurus' OR species='taurus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Taurotragus' AND (junior_species='oryx' OR junior_species='oryx')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Taurotragus' AND (species='oryx' OR species='oryx') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Taurotragus' AND (junior_species='oryx' OR junior_species='oryx')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Taurotragus' AND (species='oryx' OR species='oryx') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='strepsiceros' OR junior_species='strepsiceros')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='strepsiceros' OR species='strepsiceros') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='strepsiceros' OR junior_species='strepsiceros')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='strepsiceros' OR species='strepsiceros') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippotragus' AND (junior_species='equinus' OR junior_species='equinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hippotragus' AND (species='equinus' OR species='equinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippotragus' AND (junior_species='equinus' OR junior_species='equinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hippotragus' AND (species='equinus' OR species='equinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippotragus' AND (junior_species='niger' OR junior_species='niger')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hippotragus' AND (species='niger' OR species='niger') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippotragus' AND (junior_species='niger' OR junior_species='niger')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hippotragus' AND (species='niger' OR species='niger') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Connochaetes' AND (junior_species='taurinus' OR junior_species='taurinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Connochaetes' AND (species='taurinus' OR species='taurinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Connochaetes' AND (junior_species='taurinus' OR junior_species='taurinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Connochaetes' AND (species='taurinus' OR species='taurinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Syncerus' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Syncerus' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Syncerus' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Syncerus' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alcelaphus' AND (junior_species='buselaphus' OR junior_species='buselaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Alcelaphus' AND (species='buselaphus' OR species='buselaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alcelaphus' AND (junior_species='buselaphus' OR junior_species='buselaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Alcelaphus' AND (species='buselaphus' OR species='buselaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='quagga' OR junior_species='quagga')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='quagga' OR species='quagga') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='quagga' OR junior_species='quagga')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='quagga' OR species='quagga') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Aepyceros' AND (junior_species='melampus' OR junior_species='melampus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Aepyceros' AND (species='melampus' OR species='melampus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Aepyceros' AND (junior_species='melampus' OR junior_species='melampus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Aepyceros' AND (species='melampus' OR species='melampus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Kobus' AND (junior_species='leche' OR junior_species='leche')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Kobus' AND (species='leche' OR species='leche') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Kobus' AND (species='leche' OR species='leche')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Kobus' AND (junior_species='leche' OR junior_species='leche')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Kobus' AND (species='leche' OR species='leche') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sylvicapra' AND (junior_species='grimmia' OR junior_species='grimmia')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Sylvicapra' AND (species='grimmia' OR species='grimmia') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sylvicapra' AND (junior_species='grimmia' OR junior_species='grimmia')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Sylvicapra' AND (species='grimmia' OR species='grimmia') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='campestris' OR junior_species='campestris')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='campestris' OR species='campestris') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='campestris' OR junior_species='campestris')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='campestris' OR species='campestris') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Caracal' AND (junior_species='caracal' OR junior_species='caracal')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Caracal' AND (species='caracal' OR species='caracal') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Caracal' AND (junior_species='caracal' OR junior_species='caracal')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Caracal' AND (species='caracal' OR species='caracal') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cercopithecinae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cercopithecinae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Cercopithecinae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cercopithecinae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cercopithecinae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procavia' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Procavia' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procavia' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Procavia' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Lepus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudinidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Testudinidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Testudinidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudinidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Testudinidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Varanus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Varanus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Varanus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Varanus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Varanus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Unio' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Unio' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Unio' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Unio' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Unio' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=3941 The Ecological Register: Moritsane
Moritsane
Basic information
Sample name: Moritsane

Reference: D. R. Cohen. 2010. Hunting and herding at Moritsane, a village in Southeastern Botswana, c. AD 1165-1275. South African Archaeological Bulletin 65(192):154-163 [ER 3717]
Geography
Country: Botswana

State: Kweneng


Coordinate: 24° 38' 53" S, 25° 46' 34" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Holocene

Ma: 0.000855

Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)

Geography comments: "Moritsane is located on a hilltop adjacent to the present day town of Gabane, in the Kweneng District of Botswana. The site lies between the Ngotwane River to the east and the Metsemothlaba River catchment to the west".
A single radiocarbon date of 855 ± 75 BP (AD 1095) was obtained which has been calibrated to AD 1165-1275.

•
Environment
Lithology: ash

Taphonomic context: human accumulation,midden,settlement

Archaeology: bone tools,burials

Habitat comments: "The site is reported to have had a centrally located Kraal midden about 50 metres across and 850 mm deep. There was enough space surrounding it for perhaps 15 to 20 huts, although no huts were excavated at the site".
One of the most notable finds was a burial of an unsexed juvenile with a string of yellow glass beads around both wrists and a strand of ochre stained ostrich eggshell beads around the waist".
"Most of the excavated bones likely came from ashy deposits in the midden, accounting for their preservation. Some of the bones were burned, and diagenetic processes of calcination may have also acted further to preserve this assemblage".
In addition to the animal bones recovered, the deposit contained at least 66 bone points, indicating the use of bow and arrow hunting technology. No iron points, projectile or otherwise, were found during the excavation".

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,primates,ungulates,other large mammals,other small mammals,lizards,turtles,clams

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 118 specimens

Sampling comments: "The site was excavated in the early 1980s and was only briefly reported at the time. Specific stratigraphic and contextual records from the excavation can no longer be located".
"The excavation was conducted to a depth of approximately 1.2 metres below the surface and entailed making a trench into the side of a central midden deposit, with smaller units at other locations on the hilltop. However, only the faunal assemblage from the trench could be located".
"The complete assemblage weighs 15 kg and is highly fragmented by human culinary and disposal practices, and possible trampling by cattle. Less than 4 kg of this highly fragmented bone was selected for identification, due to the large number of non-identifiable bone pieces and the lack of any record of their depositional context".

Metadata
Sample number: 3941

Contributor: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2022-03-31 17:33:40

Modified: 2022-03-31 06:38:58

Abundance distribution
21 species
8 singletons
total count 118
extrapolated richness: 47.0
Fisher's α: 7.431
geometric series k: 0.8142
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7127
Shannon's H: 2.0226
Good's u: 0.9326
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Bos taurus61337 kg
also 67 Bovidae indet.
Rhinocerotidae indet.7
Taurotragus oryx3393 kg browser-grazer
Tragelaphus strepsiceros1189 kg browser-grazer
Hippotragus equinus1246 kg grazer
Hippotragus niger4177 kg grazer
Connochaetes taurinus3202 kg grazer-browser
Syncerus caffer6548 kg grazer-browser
Alcelaphus buselaphus5143 kg grazer-browser
Equus quagga burchellii6279 kg grazer
"Equus burchelli"
Aepyceros melampus251 kg browser-grazer
Kobus leche3 grazer-browser
Sylvicapra grimmia113 kg browser-grazer
Raphicerus campestris19.7 kg browser-grazer
Caracal caracal212 kg carnivore
"Felis caracal"
Cercopithecinae indet.1
Procavia capensis12.8 kg browser
Lepus sp.2
Testudinidae indet.1
"Tortoise"
Varanus sp.1
Unio caffer6