Abundance: 0.01 to 71.26% (median 1.58%)

Latitudinal range: -37.3° to 72.8°

Habitats: (349), Mediterranean woodland (6), boreal forest/taiga (7), desert/xeric shrubland (13), mangrove (2), montane grassland (7), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (40), temperate coniferous forest (4), temperate savanna (3), tropical/subtropical coniferous forest (1), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (36), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (23), tropical/subtropical savanna (20), tundra (1)

Found in 512 samples

Afghanistan: Nuristan Province

Algeria: Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA1), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA2), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA3), Gueldaman Cave GLD1 (UA4), Ain Boucherit (Lower), Ain Boucherit (Upper)

Argentina: Acambuco

Armenia: Hovk-1 Cave (Unit 4), Godedzor Level II C, Godedzor Level II B, Godedzor Level II A

Australia: Goonoo State Conservation Area (on-track, pre-baiting), Ben Boyd National Park and Nadgee Nature Reserve, Taunton National Park, Groote Eylandt, Alyangula, Kurrajong (KP1), Einasleigh Uplands

Bangladesh: Patharia Hill, Rajkandi, Tarap Hill

Belgium: Hof van Leugenhaeghe

Brazil: Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia (primary forest), Tapiraí and Piedade Municipalities, Serra do Japi Biological Reserve (2009/2010), Quedas do Rio Bonito Ecological Park (camera trapping), Una and Arataca (forest), Una and Arataca (cabruca), Reserva Natural Vale (year 1), Iguaçu National Park, Reserva Biológica de Araras, Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Recanto das Antas, Catimbau National Park

Bulgaria: Osogovo Mountain (Natura 2000 study), Osogovo Mountain (intensive study), Osogovo Mountain (opportunistic study), Redaka II

Burkina Faso: Arly National Park (2017)

Cambodia: Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhep Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri Protected Forest, Boh Dambang, Vat Komnou

Canada: Lindsay, Canadian National Railway (spring), Canadian National Railway (summer), Canadian National Railway (fall), Canadian National Railway (winter), Charlie Lake Cave (Zone IV), Learmonth Site, Peale Point House 2 (1), Keffer (Midden 57, screened), Keffer (Midden 57, floated), DjPp-8 (level B), McNichol Creek (house depression), McNichol Creek (midden), Pender Canal Site (trench), Grassy Bay, Irving-Johnston, Atkinson, Cactus Flower, Caverne de la Mine (lower infill), Winefred Lake, EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 1), EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 2), EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 3), St. Brieux (winter 2011), St. Brieux (spring 2012), Roussillon, Québec, Algar

China: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (camera traps), Altun Mountains, Gouli Region, Suojia Township, Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve, Ma'anshan Cave (upper layer), Ma'anshan Cave (lower layer), Songhua River, Tawendaliha, Hunchun National Reserve (winter), Hunchun National Reserve (summer), Zongri type-site (Layer 2), Zongri type-site (Layer 3), Zongri type-site (Layer 4), Foping National Nature Reserve (2020), Kanas National Nature Reserve, Jinsitai Cave (Layer 7), Taosi, Zhoujiazhuang, Guandimiao, Shuangta, Gouwan, Muzhuzhuliang, Huoshiliang, Mohui Cave, Bailongdong, Xiaonanshan

Colombia: Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali (forest), Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali (scrub), Otún Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary (2009), Otún Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary (2010-1), Otún Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary (2010-2), Otún Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary (2011)

Costa Rica: San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor

Croatia: Northern Velebit National Park, Mujina Pecina (Level B), Mujina Pecina (Level D2)

Denmark: Mullerup (bone tools), Smakkerup Huse

Ecuador: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Marina y Costera Pacoche, Pirincay (Transition), La Chimba, Challuahamba

Egypt: Berenike Trogodytika (fort), Berenike Trogodytika (dump)

Ethiopia: Belete-Gera National Forest Priority Area (natural forest), Belete-Gera National Forest Priority Area (coffee forest), Porc-Epic Cave, Harlaa, Gombore II

France: Salève, Grotte du Bison (Level I), Mas d'Azil, Les Canalettes (Layer 3), Les Canalettes (Layer 4), Noisetier Cave, Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit II), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit III), Coudoulous I (Faunal Units IV and V), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit VI), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit VII), Bois-de-Riquet (Locus 1), Caune de l'Arago (Unit D), Vergisson II, Romain-la-Roche, Lazaret (C II supérieur UA 13-17), Payre (ensemble G), Payre (ensemble F), Payre (ensemble D), Orgnac 3 (level 1), Les Pradelles (level 9), Les Pradelles (level 10), Tourville-la-Rivière (level D1), Lunel-Viel (level 9)

Georgia: Dzudzuana Cave (lower area, Unit B)

Germany: Salzgitter Lebenstedt, Untermassfeld, Schöningen 13 II-4

Ghana: Mole National Park

Greece: Kalamotó (KLT)

Hungary: Oltovány Castle

India: Similipal Tiger Reserve (camera traps), Akole Tahsil, Naikund, Girawad, Malvan (Period I), Malvan (Period II), Bharatpur and Jagannathprasad, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (good habitat area), Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (poor habitat area), Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5), Vadnagar (Ghaskol Darwaza Area), Vadnagar (Khari Kui (Primary School-3) Area), Mitathal (Layer 3), Chandankhera (Period IV: Vakataka), Agiabir (Period I - Narhan culture), Kotada Bhadli, Badmal (Period IB), Cathedral Cave (MIS 5), Gopnath

Indonesia: Bawean Island (wet season), Bawean Island (dry season)

Iran: Lar Protected Area, Wezmeh Cave, Golestan National Park, Kobeh Cave, Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (West Mound), Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (East Mound)

Iraq: Palegawra Cave

Israel: Shikma Biosphere Zone (spring), Shikma Biosphere Zone (summer), Shikma Biosphere Zone (winter), Manot Cave (Area D, Biogenic Unit), Qubur al-Walaydah (Field 2), Motza (Early PPNB), Motza (Middle PPNB), Tel Ro'im West (Late PPNB), Tel Ro'im West (PPNC), Tel Ro'im West (PN), Yiftah'el, Marj Rabba, El-Wad Cave (Early Natufian), Ubeidiya (Layer II-23), Oumm Qatafa Cave (layer D2)

Italy: Western Trento Province (2012), Caverna degli Orsi (sondage A, Unit 10), Caverna degli Orsi (sondage A, Unit 11.1), Cava Muracci, Mondeval de Sora (SU 8), San Teodoro Cave (Unit B-I), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer D-E3), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer C2), La Sassa Cave, Contrada Castro (Period B), Casal Selce 2, Pirro Nord 13, Collecurti bonebed, Isernia La Pineta (3 colluvio level), Grotta Cucgiliana, Pantalla, Casal de'Pazzi, Poggio Rosso

Japan: Fujiyoshida City, Hotohama (2010 - 2011), Hotohama (2011 - 2012), Obihiro (wildlife overpass), Torihama

Jordan: Dana Nature Reserve, Wadi Taiyiba (WT6), Ayn Qasiyya (Area A), Khirbat al-Mudayna al-'Aliya

Kazakhstan: Tasbas (Phase 2a), Tasbas (Phase 2b), Tasbas (Phase 3), Begash (Phase 1b), Begash (Phase 2), Begash (Phase 3a), Begash (Phase 3b), Begash (Phase 4)

Kenya: Wadh Lang'o (Kansyore), Wadh Lang'o (Elmenteitan), Usenge 3 (Kansyore), Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL2.1), Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL2.2), Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL2.3), Enkapune Ya Muto (DBS), Lainyamok

Kyrgyzstan: Jangart Hunting Reserve (ridge), Chap I

Lebanon: Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve (spring)

Lesotho: Sehonghong (GWA), Sehonghong (ALP), Sehonghong (SA), Sehonghong (RF), Sehonghong (RBL/CLBRF)

Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Mali: Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 1), Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 2), Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 3), Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 4), Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 5)

Mexico: La Reserva Natural Sierra Nanchititla, Estación Científica Las Joyas, Tolistoque (dry season), Tolistoque (rainy season), Huasabas-Sahuaripa Region, Madera West, Pico de Orizaba National Park, Pastorías (lluvias), Pastorías (secas), San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán (lluvias), San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán (secas), Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada (secas), Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada (lluvias), La Playa, Schroeder Site (Structure 1), El Zurdo, Xalapa, Sierra Region (secondary forest), Sierra Region (oil palm), Santa Marta rock-shelter, Cerro Portezuelo

Mongolia: Otson Tsokhio and Zuun Shovkh

Montenegro: Trlica (Bed 10)

Morocco: Gazelle Cave (lower level), Gazelle Cave (upper level), Zouhrah Cave (L s1), Zouhrah Cave (L 1), Zouhrah Cave (L 2), Zouhrah Cave (L 3), Thomas Quarry Hominid Cave

Namibia: Waterberg Plateau Park (surrounding flatlands), Waterberg Escarpment, Waterberg Plateau Park, Namib-Naukluft National Park, Etosha Region

Nigeria: Gajiganna A, Gajiganna B

North Korea: Chongphadae Cave

Oman: Southwest Dhofar Mountains

Panama: Ecoparque Panama

Paraguay: Isla Alta

Peru: Cerro Baúl, Huaca Colorada (Zone A)

Poland: Raj Cave (layer 4), Raj Cave (layer 6), Sadowie 2 (Early Bronze Age), Zabia Cave (Layer 17)

Portugal: Vale do Mouro (Stage 2), Vale do Mouro (Stage 3), Gruta de Figueira Brava (Area C)

Republic of the Congo: Kouilou Département

Romania: Southern Transylvania, Noviodunum (TPF sector, Roman period), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Middle Ages)

Russia: Kuznetsovka, Geographical Society Cave, Zapovednaya, Bugul'deika II Layer II-2, Chagyrskaya Cave (Layer 5), Chagyrskaya Cave (Layer 6), Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 2B), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 10), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 1), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 2), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 3), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 4), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 4 (1998–1999 pit), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 5 (1998–1999 pit), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 7 (1998–1999 pit), Byzovaya, Muhkai II (layer 80)

Saudi Arabia: Ti’s al Ghadah

Senegal: Diouboye

Serbia: Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, first phase), Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, second phase)

South Africa: Groenefontein Nature Reserve (riverine vegetation), Drakensberg Midlands, Between George and Karatara, Bethlehem, Kloof/Hillcrest, Sibudu Cave (Pinkish Grey Sand), Equus Cave (Unit 1A), Equus Cave (Unit 1B), Boegoeberg 1, Die Kelders Cave 1 (Layer 10), Plovers Lake, Blombos Cave (Phase M1), Blombos Cave (Phase M3), Blombos Cave (LSA), Spitzkloof A Rockshelter (MIS 2), Spitzkloof A Rockshelter (MIS 3), Diepkloof Rock Shelter (MSA - Late HP), Diepkloof Rock Shelter (MSA - Intermediate HP), Boomplaas Cave (Member BLD), Boomplaas Cave (Member BLA), Boomplaas Cave (Member CL), Boomplaas Cave (Member YOL), Boomplaas Cave (Member OLP), Equus Cave (Unit 2A), Equus Cave (Unit 2B), Wonderwerk Cave (excavation 2, stratum 2), Duinefontein 2 Horizon 2, Duinefontein 2 Horizon 3

Spain: Larraga, Abric Romaní (Level Ja), Imanolen Arrobia, Cueva del Angel, El Mirador Cave, El Cierro Cave (Level B), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/1), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/3), Punta Lucero Quarry, Bolomor Cave (Level IV), Venta Micena 4-I, Venta Micena 4-II, Barranc de la Boella (La Mina 2), Punta Lucero III (Level F), Can Roqueta II, Barranco Léon, Gran Dolina (TD6.3), La Puebla de Valverde

Sri Lanka: Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase B), Fa-Hien Lena Cave (Phase C)

Sudan: Khor Shambat 1 (Neolithic)

Switzerland: Zurich (movement photos)

Tanzania: Ruaha National Park (dry season, random placement), Mlele Forest Reserve, Tli’ika

Thailand: Khao Yai National Park, Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Togo: Fazao-Malfakassa National Park (dry season), Fazao-Malfakassa National Park (wet season)

Tunisia: Doukanet el Khoutifa, Meninx

Turkey: Yaylacik Research Forest, Marmaris, Ciglikara Nature Reserve, Barhal Stream, Koycegiz Wildlife Development Reserve, Ulucak Höyük (Level VI), Ulucak Höyük (Level V), Ulucak Höyük (Level IV), Direkli Cave

Uganda: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Nile Delta

Ukraine: Prolom II, Mirnoe, Grot Skeliastyi (III-3B), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3A), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3-x), Buran-Kaya III Layer 4, Maidanetske (2013 season)

United Arab Emirates: Early ed-Dur (50 BC - 150 AD)

United Kingdom: Lynford Quarry, Balderton Sand and Gravel

United States: Salt Pond Mountain, Haw River, Rocky River, Richlands, Capay, Boulder County, North Fork of the Cache la Poudre River, Raleigh-Durham, North of the Michigamme Reservoir, Kleberg County, Dalton Highway, Longview Lake and Warrensburg, Davis Mountain Preserve, The Wilds, Daniel Boone Field Station (riparian), Blue Grass Army Depot, Zesch Cave, Crystal Ball Cave, Silver Creek, OMNH locality VI03, Laubach Cave, Papago Springs Cave, Haystack Cave (upper levels), Golf Course, Rancho La Brea (Pit 91), Harrodsburg Crevice, Ripplemead, Bat Cave, Cueva Quebrada, CA-SLO-585 (Locus 6A, Early-Middle Holocene), CA-SLO-585 (Locus 6A, Late Holocene), Bluegrass (macro), Scripps Poway Parkway (Feature F), Scripps Poway Parkway (Feature E), Dust Cave (Zones T and U), North Creek Shelter (Paleoarchaic), North Creek Shelter (Early Archaic), Hulme Site, McIntosh, Lower Walnut Settlement, McKinley Site (Zone A), McKinley Site (Zone B), Angel Site (Subdivision W10D), Bone Cave, Steck, Fort Center Mound A, McLelland, Croley-Evans, Watson Brake (6.4 mm fraction), Rattlesnake Point Pueblo (Unit 2), Cadwalader, Mosquito Willie, Mykut Rockshelter, Black Cat Cave (interior), Black Cat Cave (Test Unit 1), Harris Creek, Hobson Site, Edwin Harness Mound, Dead Indian Creek, Guard, Coffey (Horizon III-5, 1972-73), Prison Farm, Pine Hill, Otter Creek No. 2 (Zone 3), Cole Gravel Pit, Baker Village, Scovill, Schuiling Cave, Meyer Cave, Polecat Creek (alluvial gravel), Polecat Creek (black earth), Bootlegger Sink, Kathy's Pit, Mescal Cave, Pintwater Cave (Unit 3, level 8), Sunshine Locality (Unit E), Schulze Cave (layer B), Schulze Cave (layer C1), Schulze Cave (layer C2), Natural Chimneys, Flagg Swamp Rockshelter (Archaic), Molybdenum Ridge (triggered detections), Molybdenum Ridge (time-lapse detections), Black Rapids Training Area (triggered detections), Bull Neck Swamp Research Forest, Trail of Tears State Forest, Black Mountain Open Space Park, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (logs, feature), Nugget Canyon, West of US 287, Mojave Desert, Marmes Rockshelter (Harrison horizon), Marmes Rockshelter (Marmes horizon), Marmes Rockshelter (A6–16 horizon), Kincaid Shelter, Granite Cave, Cumberland Cave

Uzbekistan: Kyzyltepa

Vietnam: An Son

Yemen: Hawf

Zambia: Leopard's Hill Cave (Pre-Nachikufan)

Zimbabwe: Ingwezi Game Management Project

See also Canis adustus, Canis anthus, Canis armbrusteri, Canis arnensis, Canis aureus, Canis chihliensis, Canis dubius, Canis etruscus, Canis falconeri, Canis latrans, Canis lupus, Canis lycanoides, Canis mesomelas, Canis mosbachensis, Canis priscolatrans, Canis sp., Canis spp.