Fuente Nueva 3 (layer 5)
Basic information
Sample name: Fuente Nueva 3 (layer 5)
Sample aka: FN3
Reference: P. Kiberd. 2006. Bundu Farm: a report on archaeological and palaeoenvironmental assemblages from a pan site in Bushmanland, Northern Cape, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 61:189-201 [ER 3856]
Geography
Country: Spain
Coordinate: 37.72° N, -2.41° W
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Early Pleistocene
Ma: 1.2
Age basis: zone
Geography comments: "7 km west of the town of Orce" (see Fig. 1)
age estimated at 1.2 Ma based on the occurrence of Allophaiomys aff. lavocati (not included in the data table), although paleomagnetic data and U series/ESR dates have been published elsewhere
age estimated at 1.2 Ma based on the occurrence of Allophaiomys aff. lavocati (not included in the data table), although paleomagnetic data and U series/ESR dates have been published elsewhere
Environment
Lithology: claystone
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,human accumulation,lake deposit
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "near the margins" of an ancient lake
lithologies at the six levels are unfossiliferous whitish limestones (1), green clays (2), brown whitish clays (3), unfossiliferous whitish nodulous limestones (4), clays (fossiliferous level within 5), and dark brown clays (6)
Oldowan lithic artefacts are described elsewhere
there are numerous "tooth-marked bones" in levels 2, 3, and 5 but "Hominins also contributed to the accumulation and modification of the faunal assemblage", and there are cut marks and percussion marks
lithologies at the six levels are unfossiliferous whitish limestones (1), green clays (2), brown whitish clays (3), unfossiliferous whitish nodulous limestones (4), clays (fossiliferous level within 5), and dark brown clays (6)
Oldowan lithic artefacts are described elsewhere
there are numerous "tooth-marked bones" in levels 2, 3, and 5 but "Hominins also contributed to the accumulation and modification of the faunal assemblage", and there are cut marks and percussion marks
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,turtles
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 528 specimens
Years: 2017 - 2020
Metadata
Sample number: 4232
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-04-19 20:12:25
Modified: 2023-04-19 10:13:35
Abundance distribution
14 species
4 singletons
total count 528
extrapolated richness: 23.4
Fisher's α: 2.640
geometric series k: 0.6321
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.4399
Shannon's H: 1.0515
Good's u: 0.9924
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Mammuthus meridionalis | 389 | |
| Stephanorhinus etruscus | 18 | |
| Equus altidens | 5 | |
| plus 27 indeterminate Equus | ||
| Hippopotamus antiquus | 53 | |
| Bison sp. | 8 | |
| plus 18 indeterminate bovids | ||
| Praeovibos sp. | 1 | |
| Capra alba | 1 | |
| Soergelia minor | 1 | |
| Metacervoceros rhenanus | 2 | |
| "Metacervocerus rhenanus" | ||
| Praemegaceros cf. verticornis | 5 | |
| Oryctolagus lacosti | 6 | |
| Ursus etruscus | 3 | |
| plus three indeterminate carnivores | ||
| Testudines indet. | 35 | |
| "Chelonia" | ||
| Aves indet. | 1 | |
Current reference:
Huckleberry et al. 2001 (ER 3215)